Key Article On The Letter By Ryan Eliason - 1696 Words

Keys to Happiness - How to Conquer Depression By Ryan Eliason | Submitted On October 02, 2007 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Ryan Eliason I haven t always been the happiest guy in the world. In fact, I ve been depressed several times. Some people are naturally happy, while others like myself have had to work hard for it. I m happy to say that I m pretty darn happy these days! I d say that I m a success story, and my struggles have led me to being an expert on the topic. Most people think happiness comes from certain conditions being met. For example, they think they will be happy when they find their soul mate and have that fairy tale relationship; or they believe happiness will find them when they are wealthy and no longer have to work for a living. Perhaps their standards aren t so high, and they think all it would take to be happy is a little more money, or a slightly sexier girlfriend/boyfriend, or a little more free time, or a more enjoyable job. Perhaps they will be happy when they finally own their own home, start their own business, or get a new car. Maybe they re waiting for retirement to be happy. Then there are those people who think happiness

Compare And Contrast The Ways Essay Example For Students

Compare And Contrast The Ways Essay Compare and Contrast the ways in which the poet describes the breakdown if the relationship. Comment on the effectiveness of their verse-craftI chose to compare the poems: An Anniversary, by Vernon ScannelDismissal, by John TrippA Winters Tale, by D.H. LawrenceIn the poem An Anniversary; the poet describes the relationship and its breakdown as two leaves on a river, this is and example of Personification. In contrast to this poem in the poem Dismissal; Tripp describes the breakdown very much as it was, describing two people in a dreary pub, this is an example of Pathetic fallacy as the setting is very boring and dark like the breakdown of the relationship. In A Winters Tale; Lawrence uses a similar verse-craft to Scannel in An Anniversary; with the relationship being described as a field but he still uses people in the poem to describe the people in the relationship. Lawrence also uses Pathetic Fallacy as he describes a cold winters day when the relationship broke down. In An Anniversary; the poet says:The skys smeared monotone.;This means the sky was smeared with one colour, which may signify a boring colourless relationship. Two willow leaves glide smoothly onThe waters shimmering skin;;This is an example of Enjambment. It describes the leaves floating smoothly but apart from each other. The use of enjambment here helps the rhythm of the poem carry on smoothly like the leaves gliding. It could signify the two people still going on in life smoothly but not together. When he says the waters shimmering skin; it gives the impression of being murky below and shiny on top. This could show there is more to the relationship than what people see initially or that when the relationship was still happening it may have looked alright to everyone else watching but there were things going on beneath the surface that werent alright. Once, on a branch in the sun, they dancedAnd often touched each other;They will not touch each other again,;In the relationship this signifies that they were once happy together but now they will never be together again. It could also mean that from the beginning the relationship would never last as all leaves fall off their branch so the relationship was doomed to failure. The poet uses a lot of contrasts in this poem:The skys smeared monotone.;Once, on a branch in the sun, they danced;This contrasts the happiness in the relationship before the breakdown to the boring monotone they have between each other now. The poet uses vivid imagery all the way through the poem to describe the two leaves; he also uses Personification; the way that he describes the two leaves as people. The tone of the poem changes as at the beginning when the poet is describing the relationship now it is quite morose, as the two leaves are no longer together. At the end he is describing the relationship before the breakdown and the tone is quite happy. This is an example of Pathetic Fallacy as the tone reflects and complements what the poet is talking about. Some examples of Alliteration; in the poem are:stream slides;stares #8230;..slithering;skys smeared;shimmering skin;They are all S sounds, this complements the flowing, smooth, gliding rhythm of the poem. In the poem Dismissal; the poet describes the relationship breakdown very much like a story. In the whole poem he uses Enjambment; and the poem has a very continuous rhythm he also doesnt use rhyme or assanance which also adds to its story-like quality. .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 , .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .postImageUrl , .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 , .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1:hover , .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1:visited , .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1:active { border:0!important; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1:active , .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1 .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc255ec3583edf3996215c054fd9c21f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Several Beautiful Sights in North Sumatra EssayThe poet describes;To this day I rememberthat alcove: flaked coffee-coloured paint, an ashtray spilling, two vodkas.;This gives you a dingy, dreary mental image of a bar or pub, which complements the dark tone of the poem, which is a good use of Pathetic fallacyOh,I said, as if my little finger Had been cut;This is a simile when the poet compares the pain of the relationship breakdown to be like cutting his little finger. Three yearsit took for her words to sink in;This shows that although the pain was more than having his finger cut, his brain didnt register what had happened due to the extent of the pain it would have caused . The man was embarrassed and didnt want to publicly show his pain . It is a very poignant poem. In A Winters Tale; the poet says:Yesterday the fields were only grey with scattered snow, And now the longest grass-leaves hardly emerge;;The poet uses imagery to describe the bleak weather and bleakness in the relationship. It may mean that yesterday the snow was scattered so they only had scattered problems in the relationship but now the good things in the relationship, which is the grass, hardly show through all the problems. I cannot see her, since the mists pale scarfObscures the dark wood and the dull orange sky;But shes waiting, I know, impatient and cold, halfSobs struggling into her frosty sigh.;This is the second stanza of the poem and it says that even though the man cant see the woman he knows that she is there. She is waiting, almost eagerly, for him to say the relationship is over. The line Sobs struggling into her frosty sigh; shows that although she is waiting for him to tell her its over she is still upset at what he is going to say. It is also an example of Alliter ation; it is an s sound which is repeated this gives a soft sighing sound to the words like what they are explaining this is also an example of an onomatopoeia; Why does she come so promptly, when she must knowShes only the nearer to the inevitable farewell?;He wants to know why the woman comes to see him when she knows that he is going to end the relationship. He describes her coming promptly as if eager to get the bad news over with. The hill is steep, on the snow my steps are slow-Why does she come, when she knows what I have to tell?;This shows that his footsteps are slow as if hes not sure about ending the relationship. They both go, knowing what will happen and not wanting it to end, but know that they cant do anything about it. The hill is steep like a quick abrupt end to the relationship and once you go over the edge i.e. the relationship ending, there is no way you can go back to the top, or the beginning of the relationship. The slow deep footsteps described are like deep memories from the past. In the last line Why does she come, when she knows what I have to tell?;Maybe he is holding back from telling her that the relationship is over because he feels blameworthy and downhearted that the relationship is ending. He also knows that the relationship is over and cant go on but he still has some feelings for the woman. He may feel upset that she has come so promptly when she knows what he will say but she probably just wants to get the hurt and pain over with. The structure of the poem is ABAB; when the 1st and 3rd and 2nd and 4th lines rhyme with each other e.g.:Snow and Go;Emerge and Verge;They are the last words in verse one that rhyme. .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d , .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .postImageUrl , .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d , .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d:hover , .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d:visited , .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d:active { border:0!important; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d:active , .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ead31eeba231885a923dfb1ae05235d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Harrapan Civilization EssayI think the three poems, although they are about the same thing, describe it very differently. Dismissal describes it very much like speech whereas An Anniversary uses nature to describe the breakdown. A winters Tale is a mixture as in stanza one it uses mainly imagery with the field to describe the relationship, but in stanza two it uses run-on-lines to describe his feelings. Then in stanza three it uses a mixture by using the simple ABAB structure from verse one, but still using his thoughts of the woman, rather than imagery of the field, to describe the relationship. All three poems describe the breakdown very differently but very effectiv ely.

Conflict in Good Country People Essay Example

Conflict in Good Country People Essay The main conflict in the story, â€Å"Good Country People†, is between Joy/Hulga and Mr. Pointer the â€Å"Bible salesman†. Joy had her leg shot off in a hunting accident when she was twelve years old. From then on she was always depressed. She changed her name to Hulga because it was the ugliest name she could come up with and she only wore the rattiest clothing so it was impossible for any person to find her attractive. She also has a wooden leg, which becomes the centerpiece of the focus of the entire story. One day a bible salesman comes along and is invited to dinner by Hulga’s mother, Mrs. Hopewell. During dinner Mr. Pointer becomes fascinated with Hulga. His is eerily attracted to her and she cant figure out why. She finally takes a liking to him and the make their way to the barn so they can be alone. Hulga thinks they are going to make love, but Mr. Pointer is only attracted to one thing, her wooden leg. Once she becomes comfortable with him he begins asking questions about it. He finally just takes the leg from her. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict in Good Country People specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict in Good Country People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict in Good Country People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She tries to take it back but is too weak with only one leg. She finally realizes he’s a fake when he goes to put her leg in his briefcase and sees I fake bible with a flask and condoms between the cover. She finally comes to grips with who she is after allowing herself to be close to someone who wasn’t who they said they were. Joy finally realizes that she has been hiding who she really was. Her wooden leg made her extremely self-conscious to the point that she changed her name and only wore the dirtiest, rattiest clothing. When someone showed the least bit of affection torwards her she instantly fell in love with him. She opens up to him and finally feels comfortable about who she is. Once he steals the leg she realizes that he was a fake the whole time. She sees that what he was doing with his life was no different than what she was doing with hers. They were both living lies. So not only was there a conflict between Joy and the bible salesman, but there was also conflict between Joy and Hulga as well.

Overview of Aquatic Biomes

Overview of Aquatic Biomes The aquatic biome includes the habitats around the world that are dominated by water- from tropical reefs to brackish mangroves, to Arctic lakes. The aquatic biome is the largest of all the worlds biomes- it occupies about 75 percent of the Earths surface area. The aquatic biome provides a vast array of habitats that, in turn, support a staggering diversity of species. The first life on our planet evolved in ancient waters about 3.5 billion years ago. Although the particular aquatic habitat in which life evolved remains unknown, scientists have suggested some possible locations- these include shallow tidal pools, hot springs, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Aquatic habitats are three-dimensional environments that can be divided into distinct zones based on characteristics such as depth, tidal flow, temperature, and proximity to landmasses. Additionally, aquatic biomes can be divided into two main groups based on the salinity of their water- these include freshwater habitats and marine habitats. Another factor that influences the composition of aquatic habitats is the degree to which light penetrates the water. The zone in which light penetrates sufficiently to support photosynthesis is known as the photic zone. The zone in which too little light penetrates to support photosynthesis is known as the aphotic (or profundal) zone. The various aquatic habitats of the world support a diverse assortment of wildlife including virtually many different groups of animals including fishes, invertebrates, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and birds. Some groups- such as echinoderms, cnidarians, and fishes- are entirely aquatic, with no terrestrial members of these groups. Key Characteristics The following are the key characteristics of the aquatic biome: largest of all the worlds biomesdominated by waterlife first evolved in the aquatic biomea three-dimensional environment that exhibits distinct zones of communitiesocean temperatures and currents play a key role in worlds climate Classification The aquatic biome is classified within the following habitat hierarchy: Freshwater habitats: Freshwater habitats are aquatic habitats with low salt concentrations (below one percent). Freshwater habitats are further classified into moving (lotic) bodies of water and standing (lentic) bodies of water. Moving bodies of water include rivers and streams; standing bodies of water include lakes, ponds, and inland wetlands. Freshwater habitats are influenced by the soils of surrounding areas, the pattern and speed of water flow, and local climate.Marine habitats: Marine habitats are aquatic habitats with high salt concentrations (more than one percent). Marine habitats include seas, coral reefs, and oceans. There are also habitats where freshwater mixes with saltwater. In these places, youll find mangroves, salt marshes, and mud flats. Marine habitats often consist of five zones including the intertidal, neritic, oceanic pelagic, abyssal, and benthic zones. Animals of the Aquatic Biome Some of the animals that inhabit the aquatic biome include: Anemonefish (Amphiprion): Anemonefish is marine fish that live amongst the tentacles of anemones. Anemonefish has a layer of mucus that prevents them from getting stung by the anemones. But other fishes (including those that are predators to anemonefish) are susceptible to the anemone stings. The anemonefish is thus protected by the anemones. In return, anemonefish chases away fishes that eat anemones.Pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonic): Pharaoh cuttlefish are cephalopods that inhabit coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific ocean and the Red Sea. Pharaoh cuttlefish have eight arms and two long tentacles. They have no external shell but do have an internal shell or cuttlebone.Staghorn coral (Acropora): Staghorn corals are a group of corals that includes about 400 species. Members of this group inhabit coral reefs around the world. Staghorn corals are fast-growing reef-building corals that form a variety of colony shapes (including clumps, branches, antler-like, and plate-like structures).Dwa rf seahorse (Hippocampus zoster are): The dwarf seahorse is a tiny species of seahorse that measures less than an inch in length. Dwarf seahorses live in the seagrass beds in the Gulf of Mexico and in the waters around the Florida Keys, Bahamas, and Bermuda. They use their long tails to hold onto blades of seagrass as they graze on tiny plankton that drifts by in the current. Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias): Great white sharks are large predatory fishes that grow to about 15 feet in length. They are skilled hunters that have several hundred serrated, triangular teeth that grow in rows in their mouth. Great white sharks inhabit warm coastal waters throughout the world.Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta): The loggerhead sea turtle is a marine turtle whose range includes the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean. Loggerhead turtles are an endangered species whose decline is largely attributed to their becoming entangled in fishing gear. Loggerhead sea turtles spend the majority of their life at sea, venturing on land only to lay their eggs.Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus): The blue whale is the largest living animal. Blue whales are baleen whales, a group of marine mammals that have a set of baleen plates in their mouth that enable them to filter tiny plankton prey from the water.

A patient requiring mechanical ventilation Essay

A patient requiring mechanical ventilation - Essay Example She was hospitalised for 4 weeks and needed the tracheostomy tube to be in place for 9-weeks following discharge. In general it is found that collaborations between the intensive care nurse and the intensive care specialist is vital for evaluating and managing the patient and to ensure that the outcomes are fruitful. In general, the mortalities for ARDS are high (40 to 50%), mainly due to the ineffective traditional methods of managing such patients that have been utilised in the past. However, with use of several evidence-based protocols, the outcomes can be improved. Some of the measures that were provided to Rita included include mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, prone positioning (HOB elevation), antibiotic administration (as she had sepsis), ECMO (due to sudden drop in the partial pressure of oxygen), sedation protocols, supportive therapy, RBC packed cell and platelet transfusion and a conservative fluid strategy. Rita developed renal complications and aspiration pneumonia, which were effectively managed. A careful nursing plan requires to be chalked out to cater to the individual needs of the patient. Ideal treatment would ensure speedy recovery and early resumption of normal activities by the patient. Case Study of a Patient Suffering from ARDS and requiring Mechanical Ventilation and Nursing Care Introduction This case study is of a 38-year old female, by name Rita, who was suffering from acute distress respiratory syndrome (ARDS), due to sepsis and requiring mechanical ventilation and a nursing care plan. ARDS is a condition in which the lungs are unable to perform their usual function of absorbing oxygen (Ensure Care Plan 2011). ARDS usually may follow critical illnesses, serious injuries or developed after major surgeries. The condition is a form of pulmonary oedema not from a proper cardiac cause, which occurs due to a drop in pressure in the pulmonary arteries (ARDS Training 2010). In ARDS, there is leakage of fluids and proteins into the air sacs and the interstitial lung tissues leading to pulmonary oedema (caused from damage to the alveoli-capillary mechanism) (Austin CC 2012). There may be several mediators involved in the damage of the alveoli-capillary mechanism including microorganisms, toxins, allergens, neutrophils, TNF, etc. After injury, the symptoms can develop within en 24 to 72 hours, and the respiratory functions tend to deteriorate leading to decreased lung volumes and compliance (Ensure Nursing Plan 2011). Due to the damage to the pneumocytes type 2, the lungs collapse and there is a decrease in the volume of the lungs. Fibrocytes convert the intra-alveolar fluid to a fibrous tissue and leads to poor ventilation (causing hypoxemia). When ARDS progresses, the patient can develop respiratory failure and can lead to arrest of the cardiopulmonary functions (Ensure Nursing Plan 2011). Usually ARDS develops from an underlying cause or a lung disorder and may vary depending upon the geographical location, age g roup, etc. Some of the causes of ARDS include direct injuries (may be trauma, chemical, oxygen toxicity, damage from free radicals, thermal or burns, drug overdose, or sepsis), drowning (or near drowning) or hemorrhagic shock (ARDS Training 2010). The incidence of ARDS is about 140,000 to 150,000 cases each year, and about 40 to 50% of the affected cases develop mortalities (Ensure Care Plans 2011). This is a case

Discrimination and Racial Profiling Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discrimination and Racial Profiling - Coursework Example The categorization of people based on their race has resulted in numerous problems starting in the 17th century all the way to the 21st century. It promoted slave trade, especially for Africans. This explains why the African-Americans are the most segregated group in the U.S (Klein, 2012). After being arrested, a black person is 33% more likely to be incarcerated as compared to the whites. An African-American is 30% more likely to drop out of school than the whites and 21% than the Hispanics or Latinos. In the same way, the police are likely to pull over and frisk either blacks or Latinos than whites. In the city of New York, 80% of the police stops made were for African-Americans, 60% for Hispanics, and 12% for whites. In 2013, the U.S Sentencing Commission reported that blacks received 11% longer than whites for similar crimes than whites. In the same way, the black drug offenders were 20% more likely than whites to receive mandatory minimum sentences (Alexander, 2013). To that eff ect, the blacks remain the most discriminated ethnic group. As the most segregated minority groups, the blacks have been forced to give up their culture so as to participate in the mainstream American life. Recent studies have indicated that 75% of the black ethnic minority experience unemployment. Furthermore, their health and education facilities are poorly equipped than the white’s who are considered the majority community and superior (Waters,

Feasibility Study Essay Example for Free

Feasibility Study Essay Technical Feasibility: It is technically possible to design a script remarking system because computers can be used to sort, search and update data input using a database management system such as Microsoft Access. The current hardware of the United Kingdom Awarding Body is sufficient, as all they will need to run the system is a computer (preferably with 64Mb RAM, 10Gb hard disk drive, 3.5/1.4Mb floppy disk drive and a 8Mb or higher graphics card), a standard keyboard and mouse, a printer and a visual display unit to run the system effectively and efficiently. Economic Feasibility: It is economically feasible to design and use this script remarking system because fewer people would need to be employed to do the work of remarking a script and producing the reports manually and more work can be done in a shorter time span, therefore also saving on overheads such as light and heating as well as employee wages, Legal Feasibility: It is legally feasible to use this script remarking system because all the data used will be used for the specific purpose of remarking the candidates script and nothing else. The data will not be kept longer than necessary and at the candidates request; the data may be destroyed after a certain period of time. The data is also secure as both administrators and clerical staff need to have their group name and passwords to log into the system successfully, but also the system database password, without both of these, the data cannot be accessed. Operational feasibility: Current work practices and procedures will benefit from the implementation of this new script remarking system as it allows more work to be done in a shorter time span, therefore providing a quicker and more efficient service to the candidates whose scripts are being remarked. The social factors will be greatly improved by the organisational change of using this remark system, both clerical and administration staff can get more work done in a smaller time period allowing more leisure time to the workers for the same amount of pay in wages. Schedule feasibility: The designing, testing and documentation of the script remarking system can be completed before the deadline, there are 6 weeks to complete this. Data Flow Diagram What are the user needs? The user needs an easy-to-learn and manageable interface to be able to monitor the UKABs (United Kingdom Awarding Body) post-examination remarks. In doing so, the user needs to be able to input data (candidate information, the original mark, the date the script was received, the remark mark and the date the script was marked) and get the desired outputs in queried reports. The user needs to know that all data entered will be secure and not tampered with or altered by hackers, so security measures have been taken. What Entities are to be considered? The entities to be considered for this system are: Script Request and Grade Criteria. The attributes to be considered for the Script Request entity are: * Candidate Number * Candidate Name (Forename Surname) * Centre Number * Subject Reference Code * Original Mark * Re-mark Mark (changed or unchanged) * Whether the centre requested the return of the script With the additional attributes of: * The date the script was received * The date the script was remarked Entity Relationship Diagram The attributes to be considered for the Grade Boundaries entity are: * Subject Reference Code * Grade Boundaries for grades A-E and U What procedures will be required to achieve the desired outputs? Clerical staff using the remark system will need to input the data required via forms using a keyboard and (or) a mouse. This will automatically update the queries in place, which will update the reports. The reports will then be outputted using a printer. Evaluation During this systems design, there were many problems encountered. When designing the entities, it was not known that many of the attribute lengths needed to be shortened to save memory, primary keys to ensure each record of data is unique or validation rules had to be set to decrease user errors. The attribute lengths, validation rules and primary keys were set during the design stage (See Validation). An entity had to be linked to another to allow data from one entity to appear several times in another entity and was used in querying. Reading into how linking entities was completed and the tables were linked successfully. Forms were designed to aid user input and stop clerks altering the design and (or) contents of each entity. At first, some buttons worked incorrectly, but were fixed once further reading into using and creating buttons was finished (See Design). Queries were designed to support the creation of reports. These queries search the entities for predefined criterion which is requested by the user. Some criterion needed much deliberation, such as the outstanding remarks query/report. Two extra attributes had to be considered and implemented, these were: script_received_date and script_remark_date. Then the query for remarks which took longer than 3 weeks could be completed, with the search criterion as follows: [Script_remark_date]-[Script_received_date]21 (See Design). Reports needed to be created, as they were the desired output to be sent off to the centres after scripts were remarked. Reports were created using the queries. A user interface was also designed to make the remarking system user friendly. At first, much like the forms, some buttons did not work correctly and there were other aesthetical issues also, such as a colour scheme for the interface. Buttons were fixed and a simple yet attractive colour scheme was chosen for the interface. Also there was difficulty in producing a suitable formula to calculate the original grades from the original marks and the re-mark mark and the re-mark grades. After consultation with a tutor, a solution was found and the following formula was devised: IIF(Expression), True, False. Afterwards, the grading formula was designed and is as follows: Grades:IIf([Original_Mark]=[A],A,IIf([Original_Mark]=[B],B,IIf([Original_Mark]=[C],C,IIf([Original_Mark]=[D],D,IIf([Original_Mark]=[E],E,U))))). A re-mark grading formula was also considered and implemented and is as follows: Remark_Grade: IIf([Re-mark_Mark]=[A],A,IIf([Re-mark_Mark]=[B],B,IIf([Re-mark_Mark]=[C],C,IIf([Re-mark_Mark]=[D],D,IIf([Re-mark_Mark]=[E],E,U))))). Effectiveness: The system re-grades papers and produces reports on the papers that are re-graded when candidate information is inputted via the candidate information input form. Usability: The system is easy for the users to use the interface, it has buttons which open files and forms and have a simplistic design and are attractive to use. Maintainability: The system will be easy to maintain because of its simplicity and will be easy to manipulate to accommodate new requests for different types of information without changing how the system runs excessively. Maintenance Perfective maintenance: For the perfective maintenance, the admin staff can change the queries that create the reports to get the desired results. I.e. changing a query so that the Scripts requested by a selected centre report shows a different centre. Adaptive maintenance: For the adaptive maintenance, staff could use new hardware to help reduce clerical errors. Staff could use OCR and MCR scanners to read the scripts information instead of inputting them manually and therefore reducing human errors.